CAN · North America
Canada
World's second-largest country by area, resource/services economy integrated with the US but seeking diversification amid US protectionism.
Data refreshed on 2026.05.10 · source: Wikidata
Composite reading — institute
Vigilance
3.1 /10 risk
- Security 0.0
- Legitimacy 8.5
- Economy 4.5
- Diplomacy 7.4
- Influence 4.2
Security: 0 stable → 10 unstable · others: 0 weak → 10 strong. Computed from V-Dem, FH, CPI, RSF, World Bank, SIPRI, sanctions.
- Capital
- Ottawa
- Population
- 41,000,000 inh.
- Area
- 9,984,670 km²
- Currency
- CAD
- Regime
- Federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy
Executive in office
Head of State
Charles III
Head of Government
Mark Carney
Economic indicators World Bank · 2025
GDP
2.24 T$
GDP / capita
54,340 $
Growth
1.6 %
Inflation
2.4 %
Unemployment
6.9 %
Debt / GDP
64.9 %
Defense / GDP
1.3 %
Life expectancy
82.1 yrs
Foreign military footprint Wikipedia · presse spécialisée
Bases abroad 3
- ↗ Lettonie (Op. Reassurance — eFP)
- ↗ Émirats (logistique)
- ↗ Koweït (Op. Impact)
Military capabilities Wikipedia · IISS Military Balance résumés
Active
71 000
Reserve
22 000
Land
- 82 Leopard 2A4/A4M/A6M Char
- 600 LAV 6.0 VBM
- 37 M777 155 mm Artillerie tractée
Air
- 76 CF-18A/B Hornet Chasseur (vieillissant, transition)
- — F-35A Lightning II Chasseur 5e gén. (88 commandés, livraisons 2026+)
- 17 CC-130J Hercules Transport
- 14 CP-140 Aurora Patrouille maritime
Naval
- 12 Frégate classe Halifax Frégate
- 4 Sous-marins classe Victoria Sous-marin (état médiocre)
- 4 Patrouilleur Arctique classe Harry DeWolf AOPS Arctique
- — Frégate Type 26 (CSC) Frégate (15 commandées)
Bases abroad
Lettonie (Op. Reassurance — eFP) Émirats (logistique) Koweït (Op. Impact)
Armed forces 128 units listed · Wikidata
Armée
6 Intelligence Company
Flotte
Forces maritimes de l'Atlantique
Flotte
Forces maritimes du Pacifique
Commandement
Canadian Forces Training Command
Commandement
Commandement des Forces d'opérations spéciales du Canada
Commandement
Commandement des forces interarmées du Canada
Division
1re Division du Canada
Division
2e Division du Canada
Division
4e Division du Canada
Division
5e Division du Canada
Division
Keyano Theatre Company
Unité forces spéciales
Régiment d'opérations spéciales du Canada
Brigade
4e Brigade blindée canadienne
Régiment
10th Field Artillery Regiment, Royal Canadian Artillery
Régiment
11th Field Artillery Regiment, RCA
Régiment
1st Regiment, RCHA
Régiment
20th Field Artillery Regiment, RCA
Régiment
21e Régiment de guerre électronique
Régiment
26th Field Artillery Regiment, Royal Canadian Artillery
Régiment
2nd Regiment, RCHA
Régiment
31 Signal Regiment
Régiment
32 Combat Engineer Regiment
Régiment
32 Signal Regiment
Régiment
33 Combat Engineer Regiment
Régiment
33 Signal Regiment
Régiment
34e Régiment du génie de combat
Régiment
36 Combat Engineer Regiment
Régiment
37 Combat Engineer Regiment
Régiment
37 Signal Regiment
Régiment
38 Combat Engineer Regiment
Régiment
38 Signal Regiment
Régiment
39 Combat Engineer Regiment
Régiment
3rd Field Artillery Regiment, RCA
Régiment
41 Signal Regiment
Régiment
41e Régiment du génie de combat
Régiment
42nd Field Artillery Regiment (Lanark and Renfrew Scottish), RCA
Régiment
48th Highlanders of Canada Regimental Memorial
Régiment
4e Bataillon, Royal 22e Régiment (Châteauguay)
Régiment
5th Medium Regiment, Royal Canadian Artillery
Régiment
62e Régiment d’artillerie de campagne, ARC
Régiment
6e Bataillon, Royal 22e Régiment
Régiment
7th/11th Hussars
Régiment
King's Own Calgary Regiment
Régiment
The British Columbia Dragoons
Régiment
The Saskatchewan Dragoons
Bataillon
116th Battalion (Ontario County), CEF
Bataillon
119th (Algoma) Battalion, CEF
Bataillon
120th (City of Hamilton) Overseas Battalion (13th Royal Regiment), CEF
Bataillon
122nd (Muskoka) Battalion, CEF
Bataillon
125th Battalion (1st Overseas Battalion of 38th Regiment Dufferin Rifles), CEF
Bataillon
128th (Moose Jaw) Battalion, CEF
Bataillon
131st (Westminster) Battalion, CEF
Bataillon
132nd Battalion (North Shore), CEF
Bataillon
134th Battalion (48th Highlanders), CEF
Bataillon
14 (Calgary) Service Battalion
Bataillon
143rd Battalion (British Columbia Bantams), CEF
Bataillon
145th Battalion (New Brunswick), CEF
Bataillon
147th (Grey) Battalion, CEF
Bataillon
148th Battalion, CEF
Bataillon
150th Battalion (Carabiniers Mont-Royal), CEF
+ 68 more units · Wikidata data
Nuclear posture
OTAN — parapluie nucléaire
Strategic chokepoints 1 control point(s)
- revendique (eaux intérieures) Passage du Nord-Ouest Conteste les États-Unis · enjeu Arctique
Governance indices V-Dem · Freedom House · CPI · RSF · 2024
Democracy (V-Dem)
0.86/1
Freedoms (Freedom House)
97/100
Corruption (CPI)
75/100
Press freedom (RSF)
81/100
Military posture SIPRI · 2023
Global spending rank
#19
Annual budget
27.2 Md$
Defense effort
1.3 %PIB
Strategic minerals USGS · production / réserves mondiales
- #1 Potasse 31 % 2024
- #2 Uranium 13 % 2024
- #2 Niobium 10 % 2024
- #5 Or 6 % 2024
Trade dependencies OEC · UN Comtrade · 2023
Exports
707 Md$
Imports
642 Md$
Balance
65 Md$
Top exports
- 16.0% Pétrole brut 113 Md$
- 9.5% Voitures + pièces 67 Md$
- 3.5% Or + métaux précieux 25 Md$
Top imports
- 12.5% Voitures + pièces 80 Md$
- 4.5% Pétrole raffiné 29 Md$
Export partners
-
États-Unis
75.5%
-
Chine
4.0%
-
Royaume-Uni
2.5%
Import partners
-
États-Unis
49.0%
-
Chine
13.5%
-
Mexique
5.5%
Diplomatic alignment UNGA 2020-2024 · Bailey-Strezhnev-Voeten
Vote concordance with each power at UN General Assembly.
-
USA
90%
-
GBR
95%
-
FRA
95%
-
DEU
95%
-
RUS
14%
-
CHN
22%
-
ISR
75%
Abstention: 8%
Key treaties UN Treaty Collection · IAEA · ICRC · OPCW
-
✓
NPT
-
✓
CTBT
-
✗
TPNW
-
✓
Rome Statute
-
✓
Genocide
-
✓
Geneva
-
✓
Ottawa Mine Ban
-
✓
Oslo Cluster Munitions
-
✓
Arms Trade Treaty
-
✓
Paris Agreement
Political calendar Wikipedia · IFES · NDI
Upcoming
-
2029-10
Législatives (au plus tard)
Last election
-
2025-04-28
Législatives
Libéraux (Carney) 169/343 — minoritaire — participation 68.3%
Society · human UNDP HDI · WID · UNHCR
HDI
0.935/1
Top 10% (wealth)
58.5 %
Gini
30.3
Refugees hosted
220,000
Disputed recognitions curé éditorial · UN Member States
Recognizes
- Kosovo
Does not recognize
- Palestine
- Crimée russe
Alliances
- G7
- G20
- OTAN
- USMCA
- Five Eyes
- Commonwealth
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