ESP · Southern Europe
Spain
Fourth-largest eurozone economy, hinge between Hispanic America and the Euro-Mediterranean space. Fragile governing coalition, Catalan dossier reopened.
Data refreshed on 2026.05.06 · source: Wikidata
Composite reading — institute
Vigilance
3.4 /10 risk
- Security 0.0
- Legitimacy 7.5
- Economy 5.5
- Diplomacy 6.4
- Influence 3.7
Security: 0 stable → 10 unstable · others: 0 weak → 10 strong. Computed from V-Dem, FH, CPI, RSF, World Bank, SIPRI, sanctions.
- Capital
- Madrid
- Population
- 48,000,000 inh.
- Area
- 505,992 km²
- Currency
- EUR
- Regime
- Parliamentary constitutional monarchy
Executive in office
Head of State
Philippe VI d'Espagne
Head of Government
Pedro Sánchez
Government in office 5 members
ministre des Finances
Arcadi España Garcia
Minister of Education and Vocational Training
Milagros Tolón
Minister for Ecological Transition
Sara Aagesen
Secretary of State for Security
Aina Calvo
Secretary of State of Communications
Lydia del Canto
Parliament
Congrès des députés
350 seats
Sénat
266 seats
Inception 1977
Economic indicators World Bank · 2025
GDP
1.73 T$
GDP / capita
35,327 $
Growth
3.5 %
Inflation
2.8 %
Unemployment
10.4 %
Debt / GDP
105.6 %
Defense / GDP
1.4 %
Life expectancy
83.9 yrs
Armed forces 117 units listed · Wikidata
Groupe d'armées
Group of Central Region Armies
Groupe d'armées
Group of Eastern Region Armies
Flotte
Spanish Coastguard
Commandement
Canary Islands Air Command
Commandement
Command of Engineers of the Spanish Army
Commandement
Commandement des opérations spéciales
Commandement
Defence Staff
Commandement
General Air Command
Commandement
Joint Canary Islands Command
Commandement
Mando Aereo de Combate
Commandement
Mando Conjunto de Operaciones Especiales
Commandement
Mando de Apoyo Logístico del Ejército
Commandement
Mando de Defensa y Operaciones Aéreas
Commandement
Mando de Operaciones
Commandement
Mando de Tropas de Montaña
Commandement
Mando de Vigilancia y Seguridad Marítima
Commandement
Naval Command of the Canary Islands
Commandement
Spanish Army Air Defence Command
Commandement
Spanish Army Signal Command
Commandement
Spanish Army Training and Doctrine Command
Division
"Castillejos" Division
Division
10.ª División
Division
11e division républicaine
Division
12.ª División
Division
13.ª División
Division
14th Division
Division
15.ª División
Division
16.ª División
Division
17.ª División
Division
18.ª División
Division
19.ª División
Division
20.ª División
Division
21.ª División
Division
22.ª División
Division
23.ª División
Division
24.ª División
Division
25.ª División
Division
26th Division
Division
28.ª División
Division
29.ª División
Division
3.ª División
Division
30.ª División
Division
31.ª División
Division
32.ª División
Division
33.ª División
Division
34.ª División
Division
35th Division
Division
36.ª División
Division
37.ª División
Division
38.ª División
Division
39.ª División
Division
4.ª División
Division
40.ª División
Division
41.ª División
Division
46e division républicaine
Division
47.ª División
Division
5.ª División
Division
50.ª División
Division
51.ª División
Division
52.ª División
+ 57 more units · Wikidata data
Nuclear posture
OTAN — parapluie nucléaire
Strategic chokepoints 1 control point(s)
- borde (rive nord) Détroit de Gibraltar Avec Maroc
Governance indices V-Dem · Freedom House · CPI · RSF · 2024
Democracy (V-Dem)
0.79/1
Freedoms (Freedom House)
90/100
Corruption (CPI)
56/100
Press freedom (RSF)
75/100
Military posture SIPRI · 2023
Global spending rank
#18
Annual budget
23.7 Md$
Defense effort
1.5 %PIB
Trade dependencies OEC · UN Comtrade · 2023
Exports
419 Md$
Imports
461 Md$
Balance
-42 Md$
Top exports
- 11.5% Voitures + pièces 48 Md$
- 6.2% Pétrole raffiné 26 Md$
- 4.8% Médicaments 20 Md$
- 5.2% Vins + huiles + agroalimentaire 22 Md$
Top imports
- 8.6% Pétrole brut 40 Md$
- 5.5% Voitures + pièces 25 Md$
- 4.5% Gaz naturel 21 Md$
Diplomatic alignment UNGA 2020-2024 · Bailey-Strezhnev-Voeten
Vote concordance with each power at UN General Assembly.
-
USA
84%
-
GBR
91%
-
FRA
96%
-
DEU
95%
-
RUS
18%
-
CHN
24%
-
ISR
56%
Abstention: 10%
Key treaties UN Treaty Collection · IAEA · ICRC · OPCW
-
✓
NPT
-
✓
CTBT
-
✗
TPNW
-
✓
Rome Statute
-
✓
Genocide
-
✓
Geneva
-
✓
Ottawa Mine Ban
-
✓
Oslo Cluster Munitions
-
✓
Arms Trade Treaty
-
✓
Paris Agreement
Political calendar Wikipedia · IFES · NDI
Upcoming
-
2027-07
Législatives (avant)
Coalition Sánchez très fragile
Last election
-
2023-07-23
Législatives
PP 33% > PSOE 31.7% — Sánchez reconduit avec indépendantistes — participation 70.4%
Society · human UNDP HDI · WID · UNHCR
HDI
0.918/1
Top 10% (wealth)
53.8 %
Gini
34.8
Refugees hosted
197,000
Disputed recognitions curé éditorial · UN Member States
Recognizes
- Palestine
Does not recognize
- Kosovo
- Crimée russe
- Sahara marocain
Defense industry SIPRI Top 100 · sites officiels
Arms export rank
#11
2% du marché mondial
Doctrine
Directive de défense nationale 2020
Prime contractors
- Indra
- Navantia
- Airbus DS Spain
- Santa Bárbara Sistemas
Key platforms
- F-100/F-110
- S-80 Plus
- C295
- NH90 part
National anthem
Marcha Real
Alliances
- UE
- OTAN
- G20