ROU · Europe
Romania
Romania is a country in Central and Southeastern Europe. It lies on the lower course of the Danube, north of the Balkan Peninsula, and on the northwestern shore of the Black Sea.
Summary from Wikipédia (CC BY-SA 4.0)
Data refreshed on 2026.10.08 · source: Wikidata
Points to watch 2026.10.09
Drawn automatically from the file's layers, sources shown; no hand-written text. JSON
The Institute's composite reading
Risque élevé
4.8 /10 risk
- Security 0.0
- Legitimacy 6.4
- Economy 4.5
- Diplomacy 4.0
- Influence 1.2
Security: 0 stable → 10 unstable · others: 0 weak → 10 strong. Computed from V-Dem, FH, CPI, RSF, World Bank, SIPRI, sanctions.
Listings linked to the country by nationality or address: United States 10 (list of 2026.10.02), United Kingdom 1 (list of 2026.10.07), EU 3 (list of 2026.09.22).
- Capital
- Bucharest
- Population
- 19,036,031 inh.
- Area
- 238,391 km²
- Currency
- RON
- Regime
- semi-presidential system
Executive in office
Head of State
Nicușor Dan
Head of Government
Ilie Bolojan
Government in office 16 members
ministre des Affaires étrangères
Oana Țoiu
ministre de la Défense nationale
Radu Miruță
ministre de l'Intérieur
Cătălin Predoiu
ministre de l'Économie
Ambrozie-Irineu Darău
ministre des Finances
Alexandru Nazare
ministre de la Justice
Radu Marinescu
ministre de l'Éducation
Mihai Dimian
ministre de la Santé
Attila Cseke
ministre de l'Énergie
Bogdan Ivan
ministre de l'Agriculture
Florin-Ionuț Barbu
ministre de l'Environnement et du Changement climatique
Diana Buzoianu
ministre de la Culture
András Demeter
ministre des Fonds européens
Dragoș Pîslaru
ministre du Milieu des affaires, du Commerce et de l'Entrepreneuriat
Ștefan-Radu Oprea
ministre du Tourisme
Bogdan Trif
ministre du Travail et de la Protection sociale
Petre-Florin Manole
Parliament
Chambre des députés de Roumanie
380 seats
Chair Sorin Grindeanu
Inception 1862
Sénat
155 seats
Inception 1864
Economic indicators World Bank · 2025
GDP
429 G$
GDP / capita
22,538 $
Growth
0.7 %
Inflation
7.2 %
Unemployment
6.0 %
Defense / GDP
2.3 %
Life expectancy
76.5 yrs
Military bases Institute · Wikipedia
active rotational or scaled down uncertain closed or handed over foreign base on national soil
Register kept by the Institute, updated 2026.10.08; coordinates and links read from Wikipedia.
Foreign bases on national soil 1
-
1
Rotational
Governance indices V-Dem 2025 · Freedom House 2026 · CPI 2025 · RSF 2026
Democracy (V-Dem)
0.60/1
Freedoms (Freedom House)
83/100
Corruption (CPI)
45/100
Press freedom (RSF)
68/100
Military posture SIPRI · 2025
Global spending rank
#33
Annual budget
8.8 Md$
Defense effort
2.3 %PIB
Trade dependencies OEC · UN Comtrade · 2023
Exports
99 Md$
Imports
130 Md$
Balance
-31 Md$
Top exports
- 13.0% Voitures + pièces 13 Md$
- 5.0% Câbles + équipements 5 Md$
Top imports
- 8.0% Pétrole + gaz 10 Md$
- 8.0% Voitures + pièces 10 Md$
Diplomatic alignment UNGA 2020-2024 · Bailey-Strezhnev-Voeten
Vote concordance with each power at UN General Assembly.
-
USA
87%
-
GBR
91%
-
FRA
95%
-
DEU
95%
-
RUS
14%
-
CHN
24%
Abstention: 9%
Political calendar Institute · Wikipedia · 2026-10-08
Upcoming
-
2028
Législatives
Last election
-
2025-05-18
Nicușor Dan (centre-droit) 53.6% · turnout 64.7%
Reprise après annulation 2024
- 2025-05-04
Last institutional rupture Annulation T2 décembre 2024 — premier en UE
Society · human UNDP HDI 2023 · World Bank · WID · UNHCR 2025
HDI
0.845/1
Gini
29.8
Refugees hosted
206,671
Refugees originating
3,130
National anthem
Deșteaptă-te, române!
Alliances and organisations Institut · Wikidata
- UN
- NATO
- EU
- Schengen Area
- WTO
- Council of Europe
- OSCE
- Three Seas Initiative
- Francophonie (OIF)
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Global attention Wikipedia · 90 days
The country's Wikipedia article is usually read 5,289 times a day (French and English). On 2026.10.07: 5,783, or ×1.1.
French + English French usual level 2026.07.10 · 2026.10.07 Wikimedia statistics (CC0), human users
Sources and freshness
- Executive, government, parliament, anthem · Wikidata (CC0) · 2026-10-08
- Economy · World Bank (CC BY 4.0) · 2025
- Indices and figures · V-Dem 2026 (OWID) · Freedom House 2026 (OWID) · Transparency International CPI 2025 · RSF 2026 · PNUD IDH 2025 (OWID) · Banque mondiale Gini 2023 · UNHCR 2025 · SIPRI 2026 (OWID) · read on 2026-10-08
- Memberships · Wikidata (CC0) · 2026-10-08
- Political calendar · Institute and Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0) · 2026-10-08
- Sanctions · US Treasury (OFAC), SDN and non-SDN lists · list of 2026-10-02 · read on 2026-10-08
- Sanctions · United Kingdom, UK Sanctions List (FCDO) · list of 2026-10-07 · read on 2026-10-08
- Sanctions · European Union, consolidated financial sanctions list · list of 2026-09-22 · read on 2026-10-08
- Institute dossier (sanctions, treaties, visits, capabilities) · as of 2026-05-01
- Summary · Wikipédia (CC BY-SA 4.0)