ROU · Europe
Romania
Romania is a country in Central and Southeastern Europe. It lies on the lower course of the Danube, north of the Balkan Peninsula, and on the northwestern shore of the Black Sea.
Summary from
Wikipédia
(CC BY-SA 4.0)
compare with…
Data refreshed on 2026.11.04 · source: Wikidata
Points to watch
2026.11.04
Drawn automatically from the file's layers, sources shown; no hand-written text.
JSON
The Institute's composite reading
Risque élevé
4.8
/10 risk
Security
0.0
Legitimacy
6.4
Economy
4.5
Diplomacy
4.0
Influence
1.2
Security: 0 stable → 10 unstable · others: 0 weak → 10 strong.
Computed from V-Dem, FH, CPI, RSF, World Bank, SIPRI, sanctions.
Listings linked to the country by nationality or address:
United States 10 (list of 2026.10.27), United Kingdom 1 (list of 2026.11.03), EU 3 (list of 2026.10.23).
Capital
Bucharest
Population
19,036,031 inh.
Area
238,391 km²
Currency
RON
Regime
semi-presidential system
Executive in office
Head of State
Nicușor Dan
since 2025.05.26
indépendant
Head of Government
Luca Niculescu
since 2026.10.20
indépendant
Government in office
· 18 members
ministre des Affaires étrangères
Dan Neculăescu
since 2026.10.20
indépendant
Foreign affairs
ministre de la Défense nationale
Radu Oprea
since 2026.10.20
parti social-démocrate
Defence
ministre de l'Intérieur
Marian Neacșu
since 2026.10.20
parti social-démocrate
Interior
ministre de l'Économie
Daniel Zamfir
since 2026.10.20
parti social-démocrate
Finance
ministre des Finances
Alexandru Nazare
since 2025.06.23
indépendant
Finance
ministre de la Justice
Radu Marinescu
since 2026.10.20
parti social-démocrate
Justice
ministre de l'Éducation
Valentin Sorin Costreie
since 2026.10.20
indépendant
Education
ministre de la Santé
Alexandru Rogobete
since 2026.10.20
parti social-démocrate
Health
ministre de l'Énergie
Dumitru Chisăliță
since 2026.10.20
indépendant
Energy
minister of Romania
Bogdan Dumitru
since 2026.10.20
indépendant
ministre de l'Agriculture
Florin-Ionuț Barbu
since 2026.10.20
parti social-démocrate
ministre de l'Environnement et du Changement climatique
Natalia Intotero
since 2026.10.20
parti social-démocrate
ministre de la Culture
Ioana Ciocan
since 2026.10.20
indépendant
ministre des Fonds européens
Mihai Ghigiu
since 2026.10.20
ministre du Développement régional et de l'Administration publique
Marcel-Alexandru Stoica
since 2026.10.20
parti social-démocrate
ministre du Tourisme
Bogdan Trif
since 2018.01.29
parti social-démocrate
ministre du Transport et des Infrastructures
Ștefan-Ovidiu Popa
since 2026.10.20
parti social-démocrate
ministre du Travail et de la Protection sociale
Florin Manole
since 2026.10.20
parti social-démocrate
Parliament
Chambre des députés de Roumanie
330 seats
Social Democratic Party Social Democratic Party Social Democratic Party Social Democratic Party Social Democratic Party Social Democratic Party Social Democratic Party Social Democratic Party Social Democratic Party Social Democratic Party Social Democratic Party Social Democratic Party Social Democratic Party Social Democratic Party Social Democratic Party Social Democratic Party Social Democratic Party Social Democratic Party Social Democratic Party Social Democratic Party Social Democratic Party Social Democratic Party Social Democratic Party Social Democratic Party Social Democratic Party Social Democratic Party Social Democratic Party Social Democratic Party Social Democratic Party Social Democratic Party Social Democratic Party Social Democratic Party Social Democratic Party Social Democratic Party Social Democratic Party Social Democratic Party Social Democratic Party Social Democratic Party Social Democratic Party Social Democratic Party Social Democratic Party Social 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Chair
Sorin Grindeanu
Inception 1862
Social Democratic Party PSD
92
Alliance for the Union of Romanians AUR
62
National Liberal Party PNL
55
Save Romania Union USR
40
Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania UDMR
21
Romanian ethnic minorities parties
19
Partidul Oamenilor Tineri UPR
16
S.O.S. Romania Party SOS RO
13
Independent politician
12
Composition · Wikipedia (CC BY-SA) · 2026.11.04
Sénat
134 seats
Social Democratic Party Social Democratic Party Social Democratic Party Social Democratic Party Social Democratic Party Social Democratic Party Social Democratic Party Social Democratic Party Social Democratic Party Social Democratic Party Social Democratic Party Social Democratic Party Social Democratic Party Social Democratic Party Social Democratic Party Social Democratic Party Social Democratic Party Social Democratic Party Social Democratic Party Social Democratic Party Social Democratic Party Social Democratic Party Social Democratic Party Social Democratic Party Social Democratic Party Social Democratic Party Social Democratic Party Social Democratic Party Social Democratic Party Social Democratic Party Social Democratic Party Social Democratic Party Social Democratic Party Social Democratic Party Social Democratic Party Alliance for the Union of Romanians Alliance for the Union of Romanians Alliance for the Union of Romanians Alliance for the Union of Romanians Alliance for the Union of Romanians Alliance for the Union of Romanians Alliance for the Union of Romanians Alliance for the Union of Romanians Alliance for the Union of Romanians Alliance for the Union of Romanians Alliance for the Union of Romanians Alliance for the Union of Romanians Alliance for the Union of Romanians Alliance for the Union of Romanians Alliance for the Union of Romanians Alliance for the Union of Romanians Alliance for the Union of Romanians Alliance for the Union of Romanians Alliance for the Union of Romanians Alliance for the Union of Romanians Alliance for the Union of Romanians Alliance for the Union of Romanians Alliance for the Union of Romanians Alliance for the Union of Romanians Alliance for the Union of Romanians Alliance for the Union of Romanians Alliance for the Union of Romanians Alliance for the Union of Romanians Alliance for the Union of Romanians Alliance for the Union of Romanians National Liberal Party National Liberal Party National Liberal Party National Liberal Party National Liberal Party National Liberal Party National Liberal Party National Liberal Party National Liberal Party National Liberal Party National Liberal Party National Liberal Party National Liberal Party National Liberal Party National Liberal Party National Liberal Party National Liberal Party National Liberal Party National Liberal Party National Liberal Party National Liberal Party National Liberal Party National Liberal Party National Liberal Party National Liberal Party National Liberal Party Save Romania Union Save Romania Union Save Romania Union Save Romania Union Save Romania Union Save Romania Union Save Romania Union Save Romania Union Save Romania Union Save Romania Union Save Romania Union Save Romania Union Save Romania Union Save Romania Union Save Romania Union Save Romania Union Save Romania Union Save Romania Union Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania Independent politician Independent politician Independent politician Independent politician Independent politician Independent politician Independent politician Independent politician Independent politician Independent politician Independent politician Independent politician Independent politician Independent politician Independent politician
Inception 1864
Social Democratic Party PSD
35
Alliance for the Union of Romanians AUR
30
National Liberal Party PNL
26
Save Romania Union USR
18
Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania UDMR
10
Independent politician
10
Independent politician
5
Composition · Wikipedia (CC BY-SA) · 2026.11.04
Economic indicators
World Bank · 2025
GDP
429 G$
2025
↑ +12.1 % vs 2024
GDP / capita
22,538 $
2025
↑ +12.2 % vs 2024
Growth
0.7 %
2025
↓ -0.2 pt vs 2024
Inflation
7.2 %
2025
↑ +1.5 pt vs 2024
Unemployment
6.0 %
2025
↑ +0.6 pt vs 2024
Defense / GDP
2.3 %
2025
↑ +0.1 pt vs 2024
Life expectancy
76.5 yrs
2024
↑ +0.1 % vs 2023
Military bases
Institute · Wikipedia
Register kept by the Institute, updated 2026.10.08; coordinates and links read from Wikipedia.
Foreign bases on national soil 1
1
Mission Aigle
France · Cincu
Land
· since 2022
· Wikipédia ↗
France is the framework nation of NATO's battlegroup in Romania.
Rotational
Governance indices
V-Dem 2025 · Freedom House 2026 · CPI 2025 · RSF 2026
Democracy (V-Dem)
0.60/1
#71
electoral democracy
2025
Freedoms (Freedom House)
83/100
Free
2026
Corruption (CPI)
45/100
#70 2025
Press freedom (RSF)
68/100
#49 2026
Military posture
SIPRI · 2025
Global spending rank
#33
SIPRI 2025
Annual budget
8.8 Md$
2025 USD constants 2024
Defense effort
2.3 %PIB
2025
Trade dependencies
OEC · UN Comtrade · 2023
Top exports
13.0%
Voitures + pièces
13 Md$
5.0%
Câbles + équipements
5 Md$
Top imports
8.0%
Pétrole + gaz
10 Md$
8.0%
Voitures + pièces
10 Md$
Political calendar
Institute · Wikipedia · 2026-11-04
Last institutional rupture
Annulation T2 décembre 2024 — premier en UE
Society · human
UNDP HDI 2023 · World Bank · WID · UNHCR 2025
Refugees hosted
206,671
UNHCR 2025
Refugees originating
3,130
UNHCR 2025
National anthem
Deșteaptă-te, române!
Composer · Anton Pann
Audio not supported.
Alliances and organisations Institut · Wikidata
UN NATO EU Schengen Area WTO Council of Europe OSCE Three Seas Initiative Francophonie (OIF)
Global attention
Wikipedia · 90 days
The country's Wikipedia article is usually read 5,272 times a day (French and English).
On 2026.11.03: 4,886, or ×1.0.
2026.08.06 · 2026.11.03
Wikimedia statistics (CC0), human users
Sources and freshness
Executive, government, parliament, anthem · Wikidata (CC0) · 2026-11-04
Economy · World Bank (CC BY 4.0) · 2025
Indices and figures · V-Dem 2026 (OWID) · Freedom House 2026 (OWID) · Transparency International CPI 2025 · RSF 2026 · PNUD IDH 2025 (OWID) · Banque mondiale Gini 2023 · UNHCR 2025 · SIPRI 2026 (OWID) · read on 2026-11-04
Memberships · Wikidata (CC0) · 2026-11-04
Political calendar · Institute and Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0) · 2026-11-04
Sanctions · US Treasury (OFAC), SDN and non-SDN lists · list of 2026-10-27 · read on 2026-11-04 Sanctions · United Kingdom, UK Sanctions List (FCDO) · list of 2026-11-03 · read on 2026-11-04 Sanctions · European Union, consolidated financial sanctions list · list of 2026-10-23 · read on 2026-11-04
Institute dossier (sanctions, treaties, visits, capabilities) · as of 2026-05-01
Summary · Wikipédia (CC BY-SA 4.0)
Rotational
USA
87%
GBR
91%
DEU
95%
RUS
14%
CHN
24%