RUS · Eurasia
Russian Federation
Largest country by area, nuclear power, permanent UNSC member. Economy pivoted toward Asia since 2022, sustaining a prolonged war in Ukraine.
Data refreshed on 2026.10.08 · source: Wikidata
Points to watch 2026.10.09
- Alert
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Alert
Sanctions targeting the country: United States (9 regimes, 7,161 listings), United Kingdom (1 regime, 3,499 listings), European Union (3 regimes, 3,119 listings). UN, OFAC, FCDO, EU · 2026.10.07
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Watch
Recent institutional rupture: Mutinerie Wagner juin 2023 (avortée).
- Watch
- Context
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Context
Nuclear power: 4,400 estimated warheads. FAS
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Context
Not free according to Freedom House (score 12/100). Freedom House 2025
Drawn automatically from the file's layers, sources shown; no hand-written text. JSON
The Institute's composite reading
Risque élevé
5.6 /10 risk
- Security 7.5
- Legitimacy 1.9
- Economy 5.0
- Diplomacy 2.4
- Influence 10.0
Security: 0 stable → 10 unstable · others: 0 weak → 10 strong. Computed from V-Dem, FH, CPI, RSF, World Bank, SIPRI, sanctions.
UN list of 2026.10.07: 12 people and 0 entities linked to the country by nationality or a known address. Regime: ISIL (Da'esh) and Al-Qaida.
Listings linked to the country by nationality or address: United States 5,583 (list of 2026.10.02), United Kingdom 2,018 (list of 2026.10.07), EU 1,893 (list of 2026.09.22).
- Capital
- Moscow
- Population
- 144,000,000 inh.
- Area
- 17,098,246 km²
- Currency
- RUB
- Regime
- Federal semi-presidential republic
Executive in office
Head of State
Vladimir Poutine
Head of Government
Mikhaïl Michoustine
Government in office 19 members
ministre des Affaires étrangères
Sergueï Lavrov
ministre de la Défense
Andreï Belooussov
ministre de l'Intérieur de Russie
Vladimir Kolokoltsev
ministre des Finances
Anton Silouanov
Ministre de la Justice
Constantin Tchouïtchenko
ministre de l'Éducation
Sergei Kravtsov
ministre de la Santé
Mikhaïl Mourachko
Minister of Digital Development, Communications and Mass Media
Maxut Shadayev
Minister of Economic Development
Maxim Rechetnikov
Minister of Industry and Trade (Russia)
Anton Alikhanov
Minister of Labour and Social Protection
Anton Kotyakov
Ministre du Développement de l'Extrême-Orient et de l'Arctique
Alexeï Tchekounkov
Premier vice-Premier ministre
Denis Manturov
ministre de la Construction, du Logement et des Services communaux
Irek Faïzoulline
ministre de la Culture
Olga Lioubimova
ministre des Ressources naturelles
Alexandre Kozlov
ministre des Sciences et de l'Enseignement supérieur
Valéri Falkov
ministre des Situations d'urgence
Alexandre Kourenkov
ministre des Transports
Andrey Nikitin
Parliament
Douma d'État
450 seats
Chair Viatcheslav Volodine
Inception 1993
Conseil de la fédération de Russie
200 seats
Chair Valentina Matvienko
Inception 1993
Economic indicators World Bank · 2025
GDP
2.56 T$
GDP / capita
17,547 $
Growth
1.0 %
Inflation
8.7 %
Unemployment
2.1 %
Debt / GDP
17.9 %
Defense / GDP
7.1 %
Life expectancy
73.4 yrs
Military bases Institute · Wikipedia
active rotational or scaled down uncertain closed or handed over
Register kept by the Institute, updated 2026.10.08; coordinates and links read from Wikipedia.
Abroad 11
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1
102nd Military Base
Armenia · Gyumri
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2
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3
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4
7th Military Base
Georgia · Goudaouta, Abkhazie
In Abkhazia, a breakaway region of Georgia; Tbilisi and most states regard it as occupied Georgian territory.
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5
4th Guards Military Base
Georgia · Tskhinvali, Ossétie du Sud
In South Ossetia, a breakaway region of Georgia.
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6
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7
Kant Air Base
Kyrgyzstan · Kant
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8
Operational Group of Russian Forces
Moldova · Tiraspol, Transnistrie
In Transnistria, a breakaway region of Moldova; Chișinău demands its withdrawal.
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9
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10
Status uncertainKhmeimim Air Base
Syria · Lattaquié
Reduced presence, status renegotiated with Damascus since Bashar al-Assad's fall (December 2024).
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11
Status uncertain
Tartus naval facility
Syria · Tartous
Russia's only naval facility in the Mediterranean; future uncertain since December 2024.
Military capabilities Wikipedia · IISS Military Balance résumés
Active
1,100 000
Reserve
1,500 000
Paramilitary
250 000
Land
- 200 T-90M Proryv Char moderne
- 450 T-80BVM Char
- 1,200 T-72B3M Char modernisé
- 600 BMP-3 VCI
- 30 T-14 Armata Char nouvelle gén. (déploiement limité)
- 150 Iskander-M Missile balistique tactique
Air
- 110 Su-35S Chasseur 4.5+
- 130 Su-30SM/SM2 Chasseur multirôle
- 140 Su-34 Bombardier tactique
- 22 Su-57 Chasseur 5e gén.
- 90 MiG-29SMT/35 Chasseur
- 17 Tu-160 Blackjack Bombardier strat.
- 50 Tu-95MS Bear Bombardier strat.
Naval
- 1 Amiral Kouznetsov Porte-avions (en réparation prolongée)
- 8 SNLE classe Boreï SNLE
- 5 SNA classe Yasen-M SNA
- 6 SSGN classe Oscar II Sous-marin missiles
- 2 Croiseur classe Slava Croiseur (perte Moskva 2022)
- 4 Frégates classe Amiral Gorshkov Frégate
Chiffres pré-2022 corrigés des pertes documentées par OSINT (Oryx).
Armed forces 109 units listed · Wikidata
Show the 109 units · raw Wikidata list, which does not always flag a disbanded unit
Flotte
14th submarine division
Flotte
1st flotilla of submarines of the USSR Navy
Flotte
Submarine Brigade of the Northern Fleet
Corps d'armée
14e corps d'armée (Russie)
Corps d'armée
1st Middle Siberian Corps
Corps d'armée
2e corps d'armée de la Garde
Corps d'armée
68e corps d'armée (Russie)
Corps d'armée
Africa Corps
Division
105e division d'aviation mixte de la Garde
Division
10th Cavalry Division
Division
10th Infantry Division
Division
11th Cavalry Division
Division
11th Infantry Division
Division
12th Cavalry Division
Division
12th Siberian Rifle Division
Division
13th Cavalry Division
Division
15e division d'infanterie de l'Empire russe
Division
16th Cavalry Division
Division
18e division de fusiliers motorisés de la Garde
Division
18th Infantry Division
Division
1st Caucasus Cossack Division
Division
1st Cavalry Division (Russian Empire)
Division
1st Don Cossack Division
Division
1st Guard Cavalry division
Division
21e division d'infanterie (Empire Russe)
Division
22nd Infantry Division
Division
23e division d'infanterie
Division
24th Infantry Division
Division
26th Infantry Division
Division
28th Infantry Division
Division
29th Infantry Division
Division
2nd Cavalry Division
Division
2nd Combined Cossack Division
Division
30th Infantry Division
Division
31st Infantry Division
Division
32nd Infantry Division
Division
34th Infantry Division
Division
36th Infantry Division
Division
39th Infantry Division
Division
3rd Caucasus Cossack Division
Division
42nd Infantry Division
Division
44th Infantry Division
Division
46th Infantry Division
Division
47th Infantry Division
Division
48th Infantry Division
Division
49th Infantry Division
Division
51st Infantry Division
Division
52nd Infantry Division
Division
56th Infantry Division
Division
58th Infantry Division
Division
59th Infantry Division
Division
65th Infantry Division
Division
6th Cavalry Division
Division
6th Motor Rifle Division (Russia)
Division
70th Infantry Division
Division
73rd Infantry Division
Division
74th Infantry Division
Division
76th Infantry Division
Division
77th Infantry Division
Division
7th Infantry Division
+ 49 more units · Wikidata data
Nuclear posture
Puissance nucléaire P5 (TNP)
4,400 estimated warheads · FAS 2026 since 1949
Doctrine 2020 · escalation pour désescalader
Triad
- ICBM
- SLBM / SNLE
- Strategic aviation
Strategic chokepoints 3 control point(s)
- borde Détroit de Béring Avec États-Unis
- dépend Bosphore (sortie mer Noire) Convention de Montreux 1936
- contrôle Route maritime du Nord Arctique navigable
Governance indices V-Dem 2025 · Freedom House 2026 · CPI 2025 · RSF 2026
Democracy (V-Dem)
0.17/1
Freedoms (Freedom House)
12/100
Corruption (CPI)
22/100
Press freedom (RSF)
23/100
Military posture SIPRI · 2025
Global spending rank
#3
Annual budget
158.2 Md$
Defense effort
7.5 %PIB
Strategic minerals USGS · production / réserves mondiales
- #1 Palladium 40 % 2024
- #2 Platine 12 % 2024
- #3 Nickel 9 % 2024
- #1 Diamants industriels 32 % 2024
- #2 Or 9 % 2024
Trade dependencies OEC · UN Comtrade · 2023
Exports
425 Md$
Imports
304 Md$
Balance
121 Md$
Top exports
- 26.7% Pétrole brut 113 Md$
- 13.4% Pétrole raffiné 57 Md$
- 8.2% Gaz naturel (LNG + pipeline) 35 Md$
- 4.5% Charbon 19 Md$
- 4.0% Or, palladium, métaux 17 Md$
Top imports
- 8.9% Voitures + pièces 27 Md$
- 5.5% Téléphones + électronique grand public 17 Md$
- 4.6% Médicaments 14 Md$
- 5.2% Machines industrielles 16 Md$
Export partners
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Chine
32.7%
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Inde
15.4%
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Turquie
7.0%
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Bélarus
5.4%
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Kazakhstan
3.5%
Import partners
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Chine
39.0%
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Bélarus
7.6%
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Turquie
5.3%
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Allemagne
4.4%
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Kazakhstan
3.7%
Réorientation massive vers Asie depuis sanctions 2022. Avant 2022, UE = 50% des exports.
Diplomatic alignment UNGA 2020-2024 · Bailey-Strezhnev-Voeten
Vote concordance with each power at UN General Assembly.
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USA
14%
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GBR
14%
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FRA
16%
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DEU
16%
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RUS
100%
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CHN
86%
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IRN
84%
Abstention: 4% · Absences: 1%
Key treaties UN Treaty Collection · IAEA · ICRC · OPCW
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✓
NPT
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↩
CTBT
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✗
TPNW
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↩
Rome Statute
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✓
Genocide
-
✓
Geneva
-
✗
Ottawa Mine Ban
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✗
Oslo Cluster Munitions
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✗
Arms Trade Treaty
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✓
Paris Agreement
Bilateral visits, last 24 months Wikipedia · communiqués officiels
Political calendar Institute · Wikipedia · 2026-10-08
Upcoming
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2030-03
Présidentielle
Constitutionnelle — Poutine peut se représenter
Last election
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2026-09-18
United Russia 349 seats, Communist Party of the Russian Federation 37, Liberal Democratic Party of Russia 23 (of 450) · turnout 59.6%
Result read from Wikipedia on 2026.10.08 (CC BY-SA)
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2024-03-17
Présidentielle
Poutine 87.3% (sans véritable opposition) · turnout 77.5%
Navalny mort en détention février 2024
Last institutional rupture Mutinerie Wagner juin 2023 (avortée)
Society · human UNDP HDI 2023 · World Bank · WID · UNHCR 2025
HDI
0.832/1
Top 10% (wealth)
73.1 %
Gini
33.0
Refugees hosted
11,811
Refugees originating
99,360
5M Ukrainiens passés (déplacés forcés selon ONU)
Disputed recognitions curé éditorial · UN Member States
Recognizes
- Crimée russe
- Donetsk Lougansk
- Abkhazie
- Ossétie du Sud
Does not recognize
- Kosovo
Defense industry SIPRI Top 100 · sites officiels
Arms export rank
#2
11% du marché mondial
Doctrine
Doctrine militaire 2014 + révisions 2020 — escalation pour désescalader
Prime contractors
- Rosoboronexport
- United Aircraft
- Almaz-Antey
- United Shipbuilding
- Tactical Missiles
Key platforms
- Su-35/57
- T-90M
- S-400
- Kalibr
- Iskander
National anthem
hymne national de la Russie
Alliances and organisations Institut · Wikidata
- BRICS
- OCS
- OTSC
- UEEA
- Conseil de sécurité ONU
- UN
- G20
- WTO
- OSCE
- APEC
- EAEU
- CIS
- Union State
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Global attention Wikipedia · 90 days
The country's Wikipedia article is usually read 12,844 times a day (French and English). On 2026.10.07: 19,617, or ×1.5.
French + English French usual level 2026.07.10 · 2026.10.07 Wikimedia statistics (CC0), human users
Sources and freshness
- Executive, government, parliament, anthem · Wikidata (CC0) · 2026-10-08
- Economy · World Bank (CC BY 4.0) · 2025
- Indices and figures · V-Dem 2026 (OWID) · Freedom House 2026 (OWID) · Transparency International CPI 2025 · RSF 2026 · PNUD IDH 2025 (OWID) · Banque mondiale Gini 2023 · UNHCR 2025 · SIPRI 2026 (OWID) · FAS 2026 (OWID) · read on 2026-10-08
- Memberships · Wikidata (CC0) · 2026-10-08
- Political calendar · Institute and Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0) · 2026-10-08
- UN sanctions · Security Council consolidated list · list of 2026-10-07 · read on 2026-10-08
- Sanctions · US Treasury (OFAC), SDN and non-SDN lists · list of 2026-10-02 · read on 2026-10-08
- Sanctions · United Kingdom, UK Sanctions List (FCDO) · list of 2026-10-07 · read on 2026-10-08
- Sanctions · European Union, consolidated financial sanctions list · list of 2026-09-22 · read on 2026-10-08
- Institute dossier (sanctions, treaties, visits, capabilities) · as of 2026-05-01