VEN · Americas

Venezuela

Venezuela, officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and various islands and islets in the Caribbean Sea. It comprises an area of 912,050 km2 (352,140 sq mi), with a population estimated at 31.8 million in 2025.

Summary from Wikipédia (CC BY-SA 4.0)

compare with…

Data refreshed on 2026.10.08 · source: Wikidata

Points to watch 2026.10.09

Alert
Sanctions targeting the country: United States (3 regimes, 408 listings), United Kingdom (1 regime, 51 listings), European Union (1 regime, 69 listings). UN, OFAC, FCDO, EU · 2026.10.07
Context
Not free according to Freedom House (score 13/100). Freedom House 2025

Drawn automatically from the file's layers, sources shown; no hand-written text. JSON

The Institute's composite reading

Crise

7.2 /10 risk

Security 5.5
Legitimacy 1.8
Economy 4.8
Diplomacy 2.4
Influence 0.7

Security: 0 stable → 10 unstable · others: 0 weak → 10 strong. Computed from V-Dem, FH, CPI, RSF, World Bank, SIPRI, sanctions.

State under international sanctions

United States 3 programmes · 408 listings: 187 people, 106 entities, 115 vessels or aircraft broad
EU 1 regime · 69 listings: 69 people, 0 entities broad
United Kingdom 1 regime · 51 listings: 51 people, 0 entities

Listings linked to the country by nationality or address: United States 272 (list of 2026.10.02), United Kingdom 51 (list of 2026.10.07), EU 18 (list of 2026.09.22).

Capital: Caracas
Population: 28,517,000 inh.
Area: 916,445 km²
Currency: VES
Regime: presidential system

Executive in office

Head of State

Delcy Rodríguez

since 2026.01.03 Parti socialiste unifié du Venezuela

Parliament

Assemblée nationale

285 seats

Chair Dinorah Figuera

Inception 1999

Economic indicators World Bank · 2025

GDP

100 G$

2025 ↓ -17.3 % vs 2024

GDP / capita

3,495 $

2025 ↓ -17.7 % vs 2024

Growth

1.6 %

2025 ↓ -4.0 pt vs 2024

Unemployment

5.3 %

2025 ↓ -0.0 pt vs 2024

Defense / GDP

0.5 %

2023 ↓ -0.1 pt vs 2022

Life expectancy

72.7 yrs

2024 ↑ +0.2 % vs 2023

Governance indices V-Dem 2025 · Freedom House 2026 · CPI 2025 · RSF 2026

Democracy (V-Dem)

0.18/1

#143 electoral autocracy 2025

Freedoms (Freedom House)

13/100

Not Free 2026

Corruption (CPI)

10/100

#1802025

Press freedom (RSF)

30/100

#1592026

Strategic minerals USGS · production / réserves mondiales

#1 Pétrole (réserves) — 2024

Trade dependencies OEC · UN Comtrade · 2023

Exports

32 Md$

Imports

18 Md$

Balance

14 Md$

Top exports

90.0% Pétrole brut + raffiné 29 Md$
4.0% Or 1 Md$

Top imports

14.0% Pétrole raffiné (paradoxe) 3 Md$
10.0% Riz + maïs 2 Md$

Export partners

Chine 53.0%
États-Unis 18.0%
Inde 7.0%

Import partners

Chine 28.0%
États-Unis 25.0%
Brésil 9.0%

Sanctions US partielles ; transactions via réseaux iraniens, russes, intermédiaires.

Diplomatic alignment UNGA 2020-2024 · Bailey-Strezhnev-Voeten

Vote concordance with each power at UN General Assembly.

USA 18%
GBR 18%
FRA 22%
DEU 22%
RUS 76%
CHN 80%
IRN 75%

Abstention: 8%

Key treaties UN Treaty Collection · IAEA · ICRC · OPCW

✓

NPT

1968 Ratified
✓

CTBT

1996 Ratified
◐

TPNW

2017 Signed, not ratified
↩

Rome Statute

1998 Withdrew
✓

Genocide

1948 Ratified
✓

Geneva

1949 Ratified
✓

Ottawa Mine Ban

1997 Ratified
◐

Oslo Cluster Munitions

2008 Signed, not ratified
✗

Arms Trade Treaty

2013 Not party
✓

Paris Agreement

2015 Ratified

Political calendar Institute · Wikipedia · 2026-10-08

Upcoming

2030

Présidentielle

Maduro reconduit malgré contestation 2024

Last election

2025-05-25

Parliament
2024-07-28

Présidentielle

Maduro proclamé 51% — résultats contestés (opposition revendique 67%)

Reconnaissance internationale partielle

Last institutional rupture Tentative coup raté 2002 ; insurrection Carmona

Society · human UNDP HDI 2023 · World Bank · WID · UNHCR 2025

HDI

0.709/1

#1212023

Top 10% (wealth)

57.0 %

WID

Gini

49.0

high

Refugees hosted

14,333

UNHCR 2025

Refugees originating

417,010

UNHCR 2025

Plus grande crise réfugiée Amériques

Disputed recognitions curé éditorial · UN Member States

Recognizes

Palestine
Crimée russe
Donetsk Lougansk

Does not recognize

Kosovo

National anthem

Gloria al bravo pueblo

Composer · Juan José Landaeta

Alliances and organisations Institut · Wikidata

UN
WTO
OPEC

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Global attention Wikipedia · 90 days

The country's Wikipedia article is usually read 3,677 times a day (French and English). On 2026.10.07: 3,894, or ×1.1.

French + English French usual level 2026.07.10 · 2026.10.07 Wikimedia statistics (CC0), human users

Sources and freshness

Executive, government, parliament, anthem · Wikidata (CC0) · 2026-10-08
Economy · World Bank (CC BY 4.0) · 2025
Indices and figures · V-Dem 2026 (OWID) · Freedom House 2026 (OWID) · Transparency International CPI 2025 · RSF 2026 · PNUD IDH 2025 (OWID) · UNHCR 2025 · read on 2026-10-08
Memberships · Wikidata (CC0) · 2026-10-08
Political calendar · Institute and Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0) · 2026-10-08
Sanctions · US Treasury (OFAC), SDN and non-SDN lists · list of 2026-10-02 · read on 2026-10-08
Sanctions · United Kingdom, UK Sanctions List (FCDO) · list of 2026-10-07 · read on 2026-10-08
Sanctions · European Union, consolidated financial sanctions list · list of 2026-09-22 · read on 2026-10-08
Institute dossier (sanctions, treaties, visits, capabilities) · as of 2026-05-01
Summary · Wikipédia (CC BY-SA 4.0)