POL · Central Europe
Poland
Leading military power in Central Europe, logistical hub for aid to Ukraine. Tense cohabitation between a liberal executive and a conservative presidency.
Data refreshed on 2026.10.08 · source: Wikidata
Points to watch 2026.10.09
Drawn automatically from the file's layers, sources shown; no hand-written text. JSON
The Institute's composite reading
Vigilance
3.3 /10 risk
- Security 1.0
- Legitimacy 7.2
- Economy 7.5
- Diplomacy 5.8
- Influence 4.1
Security: 0 stable → 10 unstable · others: 0 weak → 10 strong. Computed from V-Dem, FH, CPI, RSF, World Bank, SIPRI, sanctions.
Listings linked to the country by nationality or address: United States 14 (list of 2026.10.02), United Kingdom 2 (list of 2026.10.07).
- Capital
- Warsaw
- Population
- 38,000,000 inh.
- Area
- 312,696 km²
- Currency
- PLN
- Regime
- Parliamentary republic
Executive in office
Head of State
Karol Nawrocki
Head of Government
Donald Tusk
Government in office 7 members
ministre de l'intérieur et de l'administration
Tomasz Siemoniak
ministre de la Justice
Waldemar Żurek
ministre de la Santé
Jolanta Sobierańska-Grenda
Ministre de l’Énergie
Miłosz Motyka
ministre de la Culture
Marta Cienkowska
ministre du Développement, du Travail et de la Technologie
Andrzej Domański
ministre du Patrimoine de l'État
Wojciech Balczun
Parliament
Diète de Pologne
460 seats
Chair Włodzimierz Czarzasty
Inception 1921
Sénat
100 seats
Inception 1989
Economic indicators World Bank · 2025
GDP
1.04 T$
GDP / capita
28,420 $
Growth
3.6 %
Inflation
3.8 %
Unemployment
3.0 %
Defense / GDP
4.2 %
Life expectancy
78.4 yrs
Military bases Institute · Wikipedia
active rotational or scaled down uncertain closed or handed over foreign base on national soil
Register kept by the Institute, updated 2026.10.08; coordinates and links read from Wikipedia.
Abroad 1
-
1
RotationalPolish contingent, NATO brigade
Latvia · Ādaži
Foreign bases on national soil 2
-
2
Aegis Ashore Redzikowo
United States of America · Redzikowo, près de Słupsk
Aegis Ashore site integrated into NATO missile defence in 2024.
-
3
Camp Kościuszko
United States of America · Poznań
Forward headquarters of V Corps, first permanent US garrison in Poland.
Military capabilities Wikipedia · IISS Military Balance résumés
Active
215 000
Reserve
49 000
Paramilitary
73 000
Land
- 116 M1A2 Abrams SEPv3/v2 Char (US — 366 commandés)
- 240 Leopard 2A4/A5/PL Char
- 180 K2 Black Panther Char (Corée — 820 commandés au total)
- 96 K9 Thunder 155 mm Artillerie auto. (672 commandées)
- 18 HIMARS / Homar-K LRM (objectif >500)
Air
- 48 F-16C/D Block 52+ Chasseur
- 36 FA-50 Fighting Eagle Chasseur léger (Corée)
- — F-35A Lightning II Chasseur 5e gén. (32 commandés)
- 22 MiG-29 Chasseur (transition)
Naval
- 2 Frégate Generał Pułaski (ex-OHP) Frégate (vieillissante)
- 1 Sous-marin classe Kobben Sous-marin (norvégien, vieux)
- — Frégate Miecznik (programme) Frégate (3 commandées)
Armed forces 15 units listed · Wikidata
Show the 15 units · raw Wikidata list, which does not always flag a disbanded unit
Escadre aérienne
CRIST
Escadre aérienne
Chantier naval de la marine polonaise
Escadre aérienne
Devrient-Werft
Escadre aérienne
Gryfia
Escadre aérienne
Maritim Shipyard
Escadre aérienne
Q19400990
Escadre aérienne
Q9345906
Escadre aérienne
Q9378114
Escadre aérienne
Remontowa
Escadre aérienne
Remontowa Shipbuilding
Escadre aérienne
Stocznia Modlińska
Escadre aérienne
Wave Catamarans
Escadre aérienne
Weichselwerft
Escadre aérienne
chantier naval militaire PGZ
Escadre aérienne
chantiers navals de Gdańsk
Nuclear posture
OTAN, parapluie nucléaire
Strategic chokepoints 1 control point(s)
- contrôle Couloir de Suwałki 65 km Pologne-Lituanie · seul lien terrestre OTAN-Baltique · sépare Kaliningrad de Bélarus
Governance indices V-Dem 2025 · Freedom House 2026 · CPI 2025 · RSF 2026
Democracy (V-Dem)
0.77/1
Freedoms (Freedom House)
82/100
Corruption (CPI)
53/100
Press freedom (RSF)
76/100
Military posture SIPRI · 2025
Global spending rank
#14
Annual budget
42.5 Md$
Defense effort
4.5 %PIB
Strategic minerals USGS · production / réserves mondiales
- #6 Argent (production) 5 % 2024
Trade dependencies OEC · UN Comtrade · 2023
Exports
380 Md$
Imports
370 Md$
Balance
10 Md$
Top exports
- 11.0% Voitures + pièces 42 Md$
- 7.5% Machines + équipement 28 Md$
- 4.4% Mobilier 17 Md$
- 4.0% Aliments transformés 15 Md$
Top imports
- 8.0% Voitures + pièces 30 Md$
- 8.5% Pétrole brut + raffiné 31 Md$
Export partners
-
Allemagne
28.3%
-
France
5.7%
-
Royaume-Uni
5.5%
-
Italie
4.7%
Import partners
-
Allemagne
19.4%
-
Chine
12.7%
-
États-Unis
5.7%
Diplomatic alignment UNGA 2020-2024 · Bailey-Strezhnev-Voeten
Vote concordance with each power at UN General Assembly.
-
USA
87%
-
GBR
91%
-
FRA
92%
-
DEU
92%
-
RUS
12%
-
CHN
22%
Abstention: 9%
Key treaties UN Treaty Collection · IAEA · ICRC · OPCW
-
✓
NPT
-
✓
CTBT
-
✗
TPNW
-
✓
Rome Statute
-
✓
Genocide
-
✓
Geneva
-
✗
Ottawa Mine Ban
-
✗
Oslo Cluster Munitions
-
✓
Arms Trade Treaty
-
✓
Paris Agreement
Bilateral visits, last 24 months Wikipedia · communiqués officiels
Outgoing visits
-
2025-09-08
États-Unis · Bilatéral
Nawrocki-Trump · troupes US Pologne
Incoming visits
-
2025-05-08
Merz · couloir oriental
Political calendar Institute · Wikipedia · 2026-10-08
Upcoming
-
2027-10
Législatives
Cohabitation Tusk-Nawrocki
Last election
-
2025-06-01
Karol Nawrocki (PiS-soutenu) 50.9% · turnout 71.6%
- 2025-05-18
-
2023-10-15
Législatives
PiS 35% mais coalition Tusk au pouvoir
Society · human UNDP HDI 2023 · World Bank · WID · UNHCR 2025
HDI
0.906/1
Top 10% (wealth)
60.4 %
Gini
28.5
Refugees hosted
990,469
Refugees originating
1,368
2e accueil Ukrainiens UE
Disputed recognitions curé éditorial · UN Member States
Recognizes
- Kosovo
Does not recognize
- Palestine
- Crimée russe
National anthem
Mazurek Dąbrowskiego
Alliances and organisations Institut · Wikidata
- UE
- OTAN
- UN
- Schengen Area
- OECD
- WTO
- Council of Europe
- OSCE
- Visegrád Group
- Three Seas Initiative
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Global attention Wikipedia · 90 days
The country's Wikipedia article is usually read 7,396 times a day (French and English). On 2026.10.07: 7,411, or ×1.0.
French + English French usual level 2026.07.10 · 2026.10.07 Wikimedia statistics (CC0), human users
Sources and freshness
- Executive, government, parliament, anthem · Wikidata (CC0) · 2026-10-08
- Economy · World Bank (CC BY 4.0) · 2025
- Indices and figures · V-Dem 2026 (OWID) · Freedom House 2026 (OWID) · Transparency International CPI 2025 · RSF 2026 · PNUD IDH 2025 (OWID) · Banque mondiale Gini 2023 · UNHCR 2025 · SIPRI 2026 (OWID) · read on 2026-10-08
- Memberships · Wikidata (CC0) · 2026-10-08
- Political calendar · Institute and Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0) · 2026-10-08
- Sanctions · US Treasury (OFAC), SDN and non-SDN lists · list of 2026-10-02 · read on 2026-10-08
- Sanctions · United Kingdom, UK Sanctions List (FCDO) · list of 2026-10-07 · read on 2026-10-08
- Sanctions · European Union, consolidated financial sanctions list · list of 2026-09-22 · read on 2026-10-08
- Institute dossier (sanctions, treaties, visits, capabilities) · as of 2026-05-01