EGY · North Africa

Egypt

Most populous Arab country, Suez Canal controller, military as structuring institution. Currency crisis partly resolved through Gulf and IMF support.

compare with…

Data refreshed on 2026.11.04 · source: Wikidata

Points to watch 2026.11.04

Context
Not free according to Freedom House (score 18/100). Freedom House 2025

Drawn automatically from the file's layers, sources shown; no hand-written text. JSON

The Institute's composite reading

Risque élevé

4.7 /10 risk

Security 0.0
Legitimacy 2.3
Economy 4.5
Diplomacy 7.0
Influence 2.9

Security: 0 stable → 10 unstable · others: 0 weak → 10 strong. Computed from V-Dem, FH, CPI, RSF, World Bank, SIPRI, sanctions.

UN list of 2026.11.03: 16 people and 0 entities linked to the country by nationality or a known address. Regimes: ISIL (Da'esh) and Al-Qaida (14), Libya (2).

Listings linked to the country by nationality or address: United States 53 (list of 2026.10.27), United Kingdom 19 (list of 2026.11.03), EU 16 (list of 2026.10.23).

Capital: Cairo
Population: 110,000,000 inh.
Area: 1,001,450 km²
Currency: EGP
Regime: Presidential republic

Executive in office

Head of State

Abdel Fattah al-Sissi

since 2014.06.08 indépendant

Head of Government

Moustafa Madbouli

since 2018.06.14 indépendant

Government in office · 1 members

Ministre de l'ENseignement supérieur et de la Recherche scientifique

Abdul Aziz Qansouh

since 2026.01.01

Parliament

Chambre des représentants

596 seats

Inception 2014

Nation's Future Party 231
Independent politician 109
Homeland Defenders Party 91
National Front Party 70
Republican People's Party 28
New Wafd Party 12
Egyptian Social Democratic Party 12
Reform and Development Misruna Party 11
Justice Party 11
Al-Nour Party 6
National Progressive Unionist Party 5
Conference Party 4

4 more groups

Generation Will Party 2
Freedom Party 2
Consciousness Party 1
Conservative Party 1

Composition · Wikipedia (CC BY-SA) · 2026.11.04

Sénat

300 seats

Nation's Future Party NFP 118
Homeland Defenders Party HDP 72
National Front Party 45
Republican People's Party RPP 14
Independent politician 11
Egyptian Social Democratic Party ESDP 7
New Wafd Party 6
Reform and Development Misruna Party RDP 5
Justice Party 5
Conference Party 3
National Progressive Unionist Party 3
Freedom Party 2

8 more groups

Al-Nour Party 2
Generation Will Party 1
Free Egyptians Party ِFEP 1
Egyptians Party ِREP 1
Sadat Democratic Party 1
Arab Democratic Nasserist Party ADNP 1
Democratic Generation Party DGP 1
Consciousness Party 1

Composition · Wikipedia (CC BY-SA) · 2026.11.04

Conseil consultatif

270 seats

Inception 1980

Economic indicators World Bank · 2025

GDP

365 G$

2025 ↓ -6.1 % vs 2024

GDP / capita

3,086 $

2025 ↓ -7.6 % vs 2024

Growth

4.4 %

2025 ↑ +2.0 pt vs 2024

Inflation

14.1 %

2025 ↓ -14.2 pt vs 2024

Unemployment

6.8 %

2025 ↓ -0.0 pt vs 2024

Defense / GDP

0.6 %

2025 ↓ -0.1 pt vs 2024

Life expectancy

71.8 yrs

2024 ↑ +0.2 % vs 2023

Military capabilities Wikipedia · IISS Military Balance résumés

Active

438 000

Reserve

479 000

Paramilitary

397 000

Land

1,130 M1A1 Abrams Char (US)
1,700 M60 Patton Char (US, ancien)
700 M2 Bradley VCI

Air

218 F-16C/D Chasseur (US)
54 Rafale Chasseur (FR)
46 MiG-29M/M2 Chasseur (RUS)
18 Mirage 2000 Chasseur (FR)
— Su-35 Chasseur (commande RUS, livraisons gelées)

Naval

2 BPC Mistral (ex-russes Vladivostok/Sébastopol) Porte-hélicoptères
1 Frégate FREMM Tahya Misr Frégate
1 Frégate Bergamini (sino-italienne) Frégate
4 Sous-marins Type 209/1400 Sous-marin (allemand)

Armed forces 5 units listed · Wikidata

Show the 5 units · raw Wikidata list, which does not always flag a disbanded unit

Division

4th Armoured Division

1956

Division

Republican Guard

Division

الفرقة القومية للفنون الشعبية

1960

Bataillon

الكتيبة 103 صاعقة

1967

Bataillon

الكتيبة 20 مظلات

Nuclear posture

Capacité latente potentielle

Strategic chokepoints 2 control point(s)

contrôle Canal de Suez 12% du commerce maritime mondial · 30% du trafic conteneurs
borde Détroit de Tiran Sortie golfe d'Aqaba

Governance indices V-Dem 2025 · Freedom House 2026 · CPI 2025 · RSF 2026

Democracy (V-Dem)

0.19/1

#139 electoral autocracy 2025

Freedoms (Freedom House)

18/100

Not Free 2026

Corruption (CPI)

30/100

#1302025

Press freedom (RSF)

25/100

#1692026

Military posture SIPRI · 2025

Global spending rank

#62

SIPRI 2025

Annual budget

2.3 Md$

2025USD constants 2024

Defense effort

0.6 %PIB

2025

Trade dependencies OEC · UN Comtrade · 2023

Exports

49 Md$

Imports

84 Md$

Balance

-35 Md$

Top exports

19.0% Pétrole raffiné + brut 9 Md$
7.0% Or 3 Md$
5.0% Engrais (urée) 2 Md$

Top imports

8.0% Pétrole brut 7 Md$
6.0% Blé 5 Md$
6.0% Voitures + pièces 5 Md$

Export partners

Import partners

Chine 16.0%
Russie 7.5%
Arabie saoudite 7.0%

Diplomatic alignment UNGA 2020-2024 · Bailey-Strezhnev-Voeten

Vote concordance with each power at UN General Assembly.

USA 30%
GBR 32%
FRA 36%
DEU 36%
RUS 60%
CHN 65%
IRN 64%

Abstention: 22%

Key treaties UN Treaty Collection · IAEA · ICRC · OPCW

✓

NPT

1968 Ratified
◐

CTBT

1996 Signed, not ratified
✗

TPNW

2017 Not party
◐

Rome Statute

1998 Signed, not ratified
✓

Genocide

1948 Ratified
✓

Geneva

1949 Ratified
✗

Ottawa Mine Ban

1997 Not party
✗

Oslo Cluster Munitions

2008 Not party
◐

Arms Trade Treaty

2013 Signed, not ratified
✓

Paris Agreement

2015 Ratified

Political calendar Institute · Wikipedia · 2026-11-04

Upcoming

2030-12

President

3e mandat al-Sissi (révision constit.)

Last election

2025-11-24

House of Representatives (2nd round)

Nation's Future Party 227 seats, Independents 105, Homeland Defenders Party 86 (of 568)

Result read from Wikipedia on 2026.11.04 (CC BY-SA)
2025-11-10

House of Representatives (1st round)
2025-08-27

Senate (2nd round)
2025-08-04

Senate (1st round)

Last institutional rupture 2013 (al-Sissi renverse Morsi)

Society · human UNDP HDI 2023 · World Bank · WID · UNHCR 2025

HDI

0.754/1

#1002023

Top 10% (wealth)

58.2 %

WID

Gini

28.5

low2021

Refugees hosted

220,033

UNHCR 2025

Refugees originating

23,763

UNHCR 2025

Soudanais en hausse rapide depuis 2023

Disputed recognitions curé éditorial · UN Member States

Recognizes

Palestine

Does not recognize

Kosovo

National anthem

Bilady, Bilady

Composer · Sayed Darwich

Alliances and organisations Institut · Wikidata

Ligue arabe
OCI
Union africaine
BRICS+
UN
BRICS
WTO
Francophonie (OIF)

Loading news feed…

Global attention Wikipedia · 90 days

The country's Wikipedia article is usually read 6,101 times a day (French and English). On 2026.11.03: 7,387, or ×1.2.

French + English French usual level 2026.08.06 · 2026.11.03 Wikimedia statistics (CC0), human users

Sources and freshness

Executive, government, parliament, anthem · Wikidata (CC0) · 2026-11-04
Economy · World Bank (CC BY 4.0) · 2025
Indices and figures · V-Dem 2026 (OWID) · Freedom House 2026 (OWID) · Transparency International CPI 2025 · RSF 2026 · PNUD IDH 2025 (OWID) · Banque mondiale Gini 2021 · UNHCR 2025 · SIPRI 2026 (OWID) · read on 2026-11-04
Memberships · Wikidata (CC0) · 2026-11-04
Political calendar · Institute and Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0) · 2026-11-04
UN sanctions · Security Council consolidated list · list of 2026-11-03 · read on 2026-11-04
Sanctions · US Treasury (OFAC), SDN and non-SDN lists · list of 2026-10-27 · read on 2026-11-04
Sanctions · United Kingdom, UK Sanctions List (FCDO) · list of 2026-11-03 · read on 2026-11-04
Sanctions · European Union, consolidated financial sanctions list · list of 2026-10-23 · read on 2026-11-04
Institute dossier (sanctions, treaties, visits, capabilities) · as of 2026-05-01

2026.05.26 Gaza, year two: reconstruction as a political battlefield
Field notebook. After nineteen months of offensive, the pivot to reconstruction redistributes the actors: Cairo, Doha, Riyadh, Abu Dhabi, Ankara.
2026.05.23 Sudan: the deadliest civil war nobody watches
Field notebook. Two years of SAF versus RSF: Khartoum cut in two, Darfur ravaged, the UAE-Egypt axis structuring the ground.
2026.05.22 Bab-el-Mandeb: the strait that sets the container price
Field notebook. Eighteen months into the Houthi campaign, traffic has not returned. The cost, the reveal.

Points to watch 2026.11.04

Executive in office

Parliament

Economic indicators World Bank · 2025

Military capabilities Wikipedia · IISS Military Balance résumés

Land

Air

Naval

Armed forces 5 units listed · Wikidata

Strategic chokepoints 2 control point(s)

Governance indices V-Dem 2025 · Freedom House 2026 · CPI 2025 · RSF 2026

Military posture SIPRI · 2025

Trade dependencies OEC · UN Comtrade · 2023

Top exports

Top imports

Export partners

Import partners

Diplomatic alignment UNGA 2020-2024 · Bailey-Strezhnev-Voeten

Key treaties UN Treaty Collection · IAEA · ICRC · OPCW

Political calendar Institute · Wikipedia · 2026-11-04

Upcoming

Last election

Society · human UNDP HDI 2023 · World Bank · WID · UNHCR 2025

Disputed recognitions curé éditorial · UN Member States

Recognizes

Does not recognize

National anthem

Alliances and organisations Institut · Wikidata

Global attention Wikipedia · 90 days

Sources and freshness

Related articles